Chapter 39 understanding main idea quesitons 1-6

1.) It ended the cold war between Russia and America.

2.) violent groups tried to get power.

3.) Iraq was forced to stop building nuclear weapons and the UN was allowed to have weapon checks on them.

4.)  It carried out air strikes in order to force the different groups to take part in peace talks.

5.) The blood diamond trade, authoritarian rule, civil and bloody wars and the forces separation of races.

6.) Telephones, fax, Satellites

Chapter 39 section 2 questions

1) What was the Apartheid?
 
 It allowed for a small group of whites to have power over the much larger group of black South Africans.


2) What type of economic system did China move towards in the 1990s?
 
 Capitalism



3) Explain how nations responded to issues of war and peace after the Cold War ended.
The UN put together a coalition and had weapon checks on Iraq

4) What were the Balkan Wars? 

Different power struggle battles with each republic of Yugoslavia in the late 80's and early 90's.

Puerto Rico Trip chork chapter 38 1-6

1.)  They started a loan program called the Marshall Plan after George Marshall, the U.S. Secretary of State. Under the plan factories were rebuilt, coal mines were reopened and roads were repaired or replaced.

2.)   They hoped this would force the western powers to leave the city.

3.)   He first pronounced free elections and social economic reforms in Cuba. He also announced that that his government would be Communist. He developed close ties with the Soviet Union, which continued to send him economic aid. Then the invasion in the area know as the Bay of Pigs failed. Castro then asked the Soviet Union for more military aid.

4.)  Mao began to fear that the Chinese had lost they revolutionary spirit. As a result in 1966 he carried out purges of Communist party. He also purged the countries intellectuals, or scholars. This purge was called the Cultural Revolution.

5.)  Democracy

6.) Lack of education

Chapter 39 questions 2-4

2.)  They had been calling for reforms, and Communist government in Eastern Europe had lost power as a result of an election.


3.) They felt Gorbachev was giving up and they resisted reform, fearing  losing their jobs and the Soviet power weakening.


4.)  I think it is possible for it to come back sense it has happened before it can happen again.

World war 1 and 2 study questions

1.) What was trench warfare?  Why did trench warfare start?

Trench warfare was when soldiers dug trenches in the ground, protected them with barbed wire, and stayed inside, firing at the enemy’s trench. It started from fighting between Germany and France.

2.) How many people were killed in World War I?

30 million-13 million soldiers and 17 million civilians

3.) Who was Woodrow Wilson?  What did he want to do at the end of WW1?

Woodrow Wilson was the president of the United States, and he had drawn up a peace plan called the Fourteen Points. He wanted to reduce armaments, a world association of nations to keep peace, and he believed that national groups in Europe should be able to form their own countries.

4.) What was the outcome of the Treaty of Versailles?  Outline the effects of the treaty on German and Russia?

The Outcome was Germany losing land overseas and in Europe. Russia lost even more land than Germany. The effects on Germany were they lost land, and had to pay a ton of money, which led to a depression, and Russia lost a lot of land as well.

5.) 

6.)

7.)

8.) When did World War II begin?

September 1, 1939

9.) What was blitzkrieg?  How did it work?

It was a new way of fighting developed by Germany; it was called blitzkrieg or “lighting war.” German airplanes would first bomb enemy cities, roads and airfields. Then the soldiers and civilians alike would be machine-gunned from the air. Finally armored tanks would roll through the countryside, wiping out all defenses.

10.) What was the Battle of Britain?

Hitler tried to bomb the British into surrendering. The British however were under the leadership of Prime Minister Winston Chruchill, fought back for 10 months. Finally, British pilots and anti-aircraft guns shot down so many German planes that Hitler gave up the idea of invading Great Britain.

11.) When and why did the United States enter World War II?

After the bombing on Pearl Harbor the American naval base in the Hawaiian Islands on December 7, 1941. Then after that they immediately entered the war on the side of the Allied Powers.  

12.) 

 

13.) 

 

14.)

 

15.) 

 

16.) What was the Holocaust?  How many Jews were murdered during it?
Destruction or slaughter on a mass scale, esp. caused by fire or nuclear war, Hitler killed many Jews, Over 6 million Jews died.

17.) Why did Germany attack the Soviet Union in 1941?
It was to be the permanent elimination of the perceived Communist threat to Germany

18.) Why did the United States decide to drop bombs on Hiroshima and Nagaski?
Because they knew that they couldn't take Japan by invading so they bombed them hoping for surrender.

19.)How did Nationalism contribute to World War I?Everyone wanted to be the most powerful country, and that led to power struggles. 

 

20.)What happened to the world economy in 1929?
Factories had to close down, banks fell and failed and there was a lot of depression.

21.) What did the British and French give in to Hitler's demands at first?
They were scared that there would be another war and gave in.

22.) What major events led to the defeat of Germany in World War II?
The allied forces went through the English Channel and they surrounded the Germans with the Soviets.

23.) What was the United Nations formed?
To prevent any more wars.

 

Study Questions For world war 1 and 2 test 8-12

When did World War II begin?

September 1, 1939

What was blitzkrieg?  How did it work?

It was a new way of fighting developed by Germany; it was called blitzkrieg or “lighting war.” German airplanes would first bomb enemy cities, roads and airfields. Then the soldiers and civilians alike would be machine-gunned from the air. Finally armored tanks would roll through the countryside, wiping out all defenses.

What was the Battle of Britain?

Hitler tried to bomb the British into surrendering. The British however were under the leadership of Prime Minister Winston Chruchill, fought back for 10 months. Finally, British pilots and anti-aircraft guns shot down so many German planes that Hitler gave up the idea of invading Great Britain.

When and why did the United States enter World War II?

After the bombing on Pearl Harbor the American naval base in the Hawaiian Islands on December 7, 1941. Then after that they immediately entered the war on the side of the Allied Powers.  

Chapter 37 Understanding main ideas questions 1-6

1.) Each country wanted to be the most powerful, and it raised the growth of rival alliances



2.) They wanted repayment for their losses during the war from the defeated countries.




3.) Depression or a sudden slowdown in business began.



4.) They didn't want another war so they surrendered. 



5.) Germany- In April,1945, the Allied forces joined together at the Elbe River in Germany and the Germans realized they couldn't win the war.
      Japan- The USA dropped two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki



6.) They were to prevent war, lend money to poor countries and, provide them with medical care and better education.

Chapter 36 understanding main ideas questions 1-6

1.) The first reason was the Industrial Revolution. Factories in the industrialized countries needed such raw materials as rubber, cotton, oil, tin and copper. There was also a growing demand for tea, sugar and cocoa. Then industries needed new markets for their products. Factories were turning out more goods than people at home could afford to buy. Also many factory owners had grown rich during the Industrial Revolution. They couldn't fine enough places in their own countries in which to invest. Another reason for Imperialism was Nationalism. Last for Imperialism was the belief that western countries had a duty to "civilize" the "backward" people of the world.

2.) They had the African chiefs sign many treaties with them. Most of the chiefs could not read or write English and did not realize what they were signing away.

3.) Because of gold and diamonds.

4.) Because the Mogul Empire of India was breaking up. This allowed Great Britain and France to set up trading stations along the Indian coast. Then the French lost the French and Indian war and as a result of that the French left India and British East India Company took over.

5.) It gave everyone equal trading rights in China.

6.) To negotiate a treaty to open trade and protect shipwrecked American sailors.

7.) They needed land for the Panama Canal so they could protect their land easier.

8.)  The colonists didn't like how everything about their culture and religion was changed.

Effects of Imperialism

      Imperialism had good and bad effects on the world. Some of the good things Imperialism gave us was Orderly governments were set up. Many local wars were stopped. Industry, agriculture, and transportation were developed. Hospitals and school were built, and sanitation was improved. Western ideas about democracy  and individual rights spread. But it also brought about major problems. One was bitter feelings between colonists and colonizers. Most Europeans, North Americans, and Japanese thought they were better than the people in the colonies. Colonists were seldom allowed to hold high jobs in government, industry or the armed forces. Often they were not even allowed in city areas where Europeans and North American lived.
      Also the Colonists resented this. They blamed the colonial powers for the loss of their land and for being forced to work on plantations and in factories. Finally the scramble for colonies led to a great deal of competition among colonial powers. This in turn led to disputes that caused future wars.

Imperialism paragraph

First reason was because of the industrial revolution. Second Factories needed raw materials such as rubber, cotton, oil, tin, and copper. Also There was a demand for tea, sugar, and cocoa. Third, industries needed new markets for their products. Factories were turning out more goods then people at home could afford to buy. Many leaders believed new markets could be found in areas that were not industrially developed. Fourth was Nationalism. Many people thought colonies would add to their country’s power. The newly founded countries of Italy and Germany wanted to catch up with Great Britain, France, and other established  colonial powers. Japan and the United States wanted to become as important as the colonial powers. Fifth, was the belief that western countries had a duty to “civilize” the “backward” peoples of the world. These westerners believed they had a mission to spread Christianity and Industrial Revolution everywhere.

Chapter 35 understanding main ideas 1-6

1.) Hoping to crush revolutionary ideas.

2.) The national workshops provided jobs for thousands of people. However the number of people out of work grew faster than jobs could be created.

3.)  Napoleon III had promised that if the Austrians ever attacked Sardinia, that he would help defeat the Austrians.

4.) Bismarck started a war with France so that South and North Germans would unify to fight and defeat France.


5.) Amends were paid, Napoleon III's empire had ended, and then the Third Republic had started.

6.)  Austria/Hungary weren't happy because they wanted the all of Germany to be together  even though the Magyars were fine being alone.

Chapter 35 sections 1 and 2 questions

2.) It was Napoleon's empire was to take the place of the Holy Roman Empire.

3.) They kept retreating further into Russia and burned their villages and food supplies so the French wouldn't have anything. Hungry and without shelter, 500,000 of the French soldiers froze to death in the Russian winters.


2.) They wanted to build a peaceful and stable Europe, and they believed the best way was to give all the countries equal power. They were against democracy and brought back divine-right monarchy.

3.) Universal male suffrage spread to most northern and western European countries, workers who felt cheated began to form political parties, and soon, there was a socialist party in almost every European country.

understanding main ideas 1-6

1.) 1400s, they broke away from old ideas
     1500s, they learned that the earth was no the center of the universe
     1600s, Newton explained the theory of gravitation and how objects move through space

2.) More food meant longer lives and better health, the population increased and the demand for manufactured goods grew.


3) It allowed horse-drawn wagons to use the roads in all weathers and increase travel speeds.

4) Schools, orphanages, and hospitals were opened for the poor,  trade unions were made legal, children under 10 and women were prohibited from working in mines, work days were cut down to 10 hours. They also got better living conditions. Public sewer systems and better houses, every room had at least one window, every house had piped-in water, there were fewer epidemics, and clothing, food, and other products became cheap enough for the working class to afford.

5) Electricity, gasoline, the engine, and diesel engine.

chapter 33 questions

Chapter 33 questions 1-2 on pg. 525

1. He invented the telescope and began to study the stars and planets. he learned that the moon's surface is not smooth but has mountains and craters. he learned that the Milky Way holds a cast number of stars and that the sun rotates on its axis. Galileo was strongly criticized by the Roman Catholic Church teaching that Earth revolves around the sun. Even so, Galileo's ideas spread throughout Europe.

2. Because the technology for today's rockets and space satellites is based on his work. 

Chapter 33 questions 2-3 on pg. 530

2. With the assembly line work could be divided, and many products could be put together at one time by unskilled workers. All of these discoveries and new techniques greatly increased production.

3. Because Raw materials and finished products had to be moved quickly and cheaply.

chapter 32 questions 1-6

1.) They wanted to be able to worship as they pleased, They beleived in hard work and plain living and did not like the Crown's free-spending ways.

2.) Because the change in monarchs took place without a shot being fired.

3.) The Stamp Act

4.) Angry Mobs formed in many cities. Tax officials were threatened, and stamps were destroyed. People through out the colonies decided to boycott British goods.

5.) Before the Revolution the French King had the most power. Later French became a republic and the people had kind of a Democracy. They could decide which government they wanted.

6.) They were afraid that these ideas would weaken  their own power.

chapter 32 pg. 508 questions 2-4

2. Once again, Charles I accepted the laws Parliament passed and then disregarded them.

3. James II made many Roman Catholics have high power in the army and government. Next, he tried to repeal the Act of Habeas Corpus, a law stating that you couldn't go to jail without being charged with something. So Parliament offered the throne to his Protestant daughter.

4. The England Declaration of Rights stated that the Crown couldn't tax people or keep an army in peacetime without Parliament's consent.

chapter 32 1-5 questions

2.) First was the clergy, second was the nobility, third was everyone else in France.
3.) They issued the Declaration of the rights of Man and the Citizen.
4.) The people of France had grown more conservative.
5.) In Paris mobs began to form. On July 14, 1789 a mob in search of weapons attacked and captured the Bastille. This was an old fort used as a prison. To the mob it was a symbol of the tyranny or unjust use of power, of the monarchy. The mob then killed the mayor of paris and set up a new city government.
           News of what happened in Paris spread. In the countryside, there were rumors that the nobles were planning to hire brigands, or roving bandits, to destroy the peasants' homes and crops. so the peasants attacked and burned the house of the nobles and destroyed all records of feudal dues.

History questions chapter 29 understanfing main ideas

1) The Protestantism got its name because it went against the beliefs of the Roman Catholic church. Some churches that belonged to this faith were Thutheran churches.

2) He thought that there was nothing in the past, present, or future god didn't know. God decided where you go before you were even born.

3) It came from the society of Jesus in 1540.

4) Mary Tudor becomes "Bloody Mary" because she wants everyone to become Roman Catholics, and the people went against her so she burned them at the stake for heresy. Now nobody liked her.

5) The defeat of the Spanish Armada helped the protestant by gaining respect through out Europe, showed it could defend itself, and it was able to stay Protestant.

6) The basis of alliances were based on religion 

chapter 29 sections 3-5

1) Who were the Jesuits?  What did they believe and do as a group?
 
 They were a group formed to spread Roman Catholic ideas to all parts of the world. Helped the poor, set up schools, and preached to people.

2) How did the Pope and the Catholic Church reclaim Protestant areas?
 
 By telling that people had to do good deeds and have faith instead of paying their sins away, they could get into heaven.

 3) What did the Council of Trent do?
 
 It ended many church practices that had been criticized for hundreds of years such as the sale of indulgences. Church leaders were orddered to follow strict rules. Each diocese was told to build a seminary. They also explained Catholic doctrine. And together the Council of Trent and the Jesuit missionaries helped the Pope reclaim Protestant areas. 

4) Why did Henry VIII break w/ the Catholic Church?
 
  The Church refused to divorce Henry VIII from his wife so that he could have a son with another woman.

5) Why was Queen Mary called Bloody Mary?
 
 Queen Mary was called Bloody Mary because when many protestants refused to come back to the Roman Catholic Church, she had them burned at the stake for heresy.

6) What did Mary Tudor expect the people to do as soon as she become queen?
 
 She expected the people to come back to the Roman Catholic Church.

7) What was the Church of England like under Elizabeth I?
 
 he Church of England, under Elizabeth I's rule, changed to Protestant, would keep some Catholic ways, the monarch would lead the church, and they would use Cranmer's book and teach protestant beliefs.

8) Why did Spain do to war with Britain?
 
 Because Philip II thought that if he could conquer England, he could make it Catholic.

9) What happened to the Spanish Armada?
 
It was broken up when the English sent flaming ships into the spanish formation. This split the ships up and the English could pick them off one by one. 

10) What led to civil war in France in 1562? 


King Francis I wanted all French people to follow the Catholic church so he had many of the huguenots arrested. This started the civil war.  

chapter 29 sectoin 1-2 questions 1-4

1) Why did Luther come into conflict with the church?
 
 Because he decided that trusting in Jesus, rather than doing good works, would save people from there sins. His ideas soon brought him into conflict with the Church.

2) What happened to Luther at Worms?
 
He was tried by the German Diet of Worms. When refused to give up his ideas, he was condemned for heresy.

3) What was the Peace of Augsburg?
 
 There could be both Catholic and Lutheran churches in Germany. It also kept German Lutherans and Catholics from fighting each other for nearly 50 years.

4) Why were Lutheran and Reformed Churches called Protestant? 


Luther's ideas soon spread to other areas of Europe. People in Scandinavia founded Lutheran churches. Preachers and Merchants in Switzerland also left the Roman Catholic Church. They set up Reformed churches. Because they protested against Catholic ideas, Lutherand and Reformed churches were call protestant.

chapter 28 section 5 questions

1) What was the War of the Roses?  Who won?

Two noble families, York and Lancaster, began a fight for the throne. The Yorkist Symbol was a white rose, and the Lancastrain symbol was a red rose. For this reason the struggles between the House of York and the House of Lancaster were called the Wars of the Rose. Lancastrain Won.

2) How did Henry VIII change history? 

By convincing parliament to declare him the head of the Church of England, and Splitting with the Roman Catholic Church.

3) How was did he encourage the Renaissance in England?

Because he encouraged art Literature, hunting, and parties.

4) Who was Queen Elizabeth?

She was Henry the 8ths daughter. She became queen in 1558 when she was 25 years old. She was shrewd and well educated. Although she had a sharp tongue and an iron will, she won the loyalty and confidence of her people.

5) What were English theaters like?

Their stages stood in the open air. Most of the audience, how ever, sat under a roof or some sort of covering. Those who could not afford to pay for seats stood in the pit, or an open area in the front of the theater, and on the sides of the stage. Since there were no lights, plays were performed in the afternoon, they attracted large crowds.

6) Form what did Shakespeare draw ideas for his plays?

He drew them from the histories of England and ancient Rome. He often used Italian scenes, characters, and tales in his plays.

chapter 28 section 1-4 questions

1) List the three important city states of Italy.

Florence, Venice, and Papal States

2) What did Renaissance artists study?

They studied Ancient Greek and Roman Art, science, and mathematics. hey also learned to use perspective, light, color, and shade.

3) Who was Leonardo da Vinci?  What did he paint? What inventions did he draw?

He was one of the greatest Renaissance artists he was also an inventor. He painted the Mona Lisa he also painted a fresco called the Last supper. He designed the first parachute, flying machines and mechanical diggers.

4) Who ruled Florence?  What was Florence known for?

Medici. Florence was known as the center of art and learning so many artists, poets, and philosophers went there.

5) How did Popes during this time act like political rulers?

They sent representatives to other sates and countries, collected taxes, minted money, raised armies, and fought wars.

6) How was Venice different than most Renaissance cities?

Venice was different from other city-states because it was built on 117 islands, they had canals instead of streets, and merchants traded at the docks.

7) Why did the doge have little power?

They had little power and had to obey the Council of Ten. 

8) Who was Rabelais and what did he believe?

He was a physician-monk. He believed that humans were not tied down to their past and could do whatever they wished.

9) Who developed a printing press in Germany?  How did this change European culture?

Johannes Gutenberg. Since printing came at a time when many townspeople were learning to read and think for themselves, new ideas spread rapidly.

10) What Church reforms did German and Flemish scholars want to make?

German and Flemish scholars learned different languages to interpret the Bible. They wanted it to be changed to their needs. They wanted it to be easier to teach.

11) Why did Philip II mistreat Spanish scholars?

He mistreated Spanish scholars because he was very religious and didn't trust them so many were burned at the stake over heresy.

Homework

They were formed them to make it so that everything was equal and they tried to make it so that the people wouldn't fight amongst themselves. They formed them because they wanted to become equal with the nobles.

Questions 1-7

1.  Venice became the leading port in 1100s
2. The quarreled among themselves over profits and trade routes. 
3. It helped make them
4. It killed 25
5. A person became an apprentice for 2- 7 years  then they had to present a master piece to become a journeymen then master.
6. because it made them less powerful.
7. The townspeople were able to have leisure time and they were able to have time for their interests. The pheasents didn't have anytime to do anything they wanted.

chapter 26 questions

1) What led to the growth and development of Venice's trade?

Venice became a leading port and many of its citizens became fulltime merchants. Venetain merchants learned to read and write, use money, and keep records. In time, they developed an effective banking system.

2) How did the location of Flanders help it become an important trading center?

Because the rivers linked together before heading out to the north sea

3) What were Fairs?

Merchants traveling along the chief rout through eastern France stopped to trade with each other at special gatherings called Fairs.

4) Who sponsored fairs and why?

Nobles who collected taxes on sales. Because they got money out of it.

5) How did most towns develop in the Middle Ages?

They Generally chose places along trade routes near waterways or road crossings. They also tried to settle close to a castle or monastery. This helped protect them from robbers and fights between nobles. The merchants surrounded their settlements with high stake fences and moats. Most towns of the Middle Ages developed from these Merchant settlements.

6) What was the Black Death?  How many people died from it?

During the 1300s, diseased rats came to Europe on trading ships from the Middle East. They carried with them a plague called the “Black Death.” Nearly 25 million lives.

7) What changes did burghers want to make in feudal laws?

They didn’t want to get permission from the nobles to get married. They wanted more freedom.

chapter 25 questions

1.) Church officials helped govern western Europe. High church leaders were both lords and vassals of other lords. They served as advisers to kings and other nobles keeping records for the kings who could not read or write.

2.) Rich nobles donated money to build large churches and gave land to monasteries. The wealthier the monasteries became, however, the more carless many monks grew about carrying out their duties.

3.) After a while students began to complain that teachers held few classes and did not cover enough subjects. Teachers began to complain that too many untrained people were teaching. So students and teachers decided to make some changes by forming unions. These unions became universities.

4.) Even after they had taken Palestine Turkish armies continues to threaten the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantine emperor asked the Pop for military aid. Pope Urban 2 agreed to help the Byzantines.

5.) About 30,000 crusaders arrived in Asia Minor and defeated the Turks. From there, they moved south through the desert to Syria. However they were not prepared for the heat and did not have enough food or water. Many died of starvation or thirst.

6.) A group of French children, led by peasant boy named Stephen of Cloyes, set sail from Marseilles, France in 1212. Most of the children never reached Palestine. Along the way they were sold into slavery by captains of the ships on which they sailed. At the same time another group of children set forth on foot from Germany intending to march toward Italy. Most of them starved to death or died from disease.

7.) The Byzantines were so angry at the actions of western Europeans that the split between eastern and western Christianity became permanent.

8.) The Crusades helped to break down feudalism in western Europe. While feudal lords were fighting in Palestine, kings at home increased their authority.  

chapter 24 section 3-4 questions

1) What was a code of chivalry?  Who did it apply to?  List the rules of chivalry.

It was rules stated that a knight was to obey his lord, show bravery, respect women of noble birth, honor the Church and help people.

2) How did Knights train for war?

He was sent away from his family to the castle of another lord when he was seven years old. There he learned to be a page or a person who helped the knights of the castle care for their destriers. Pages also polished the knights’ armor some of shich weighed up to 80 pounds or 36 kilograms. A page learned good maners and ran errands for the ladies. He was taught to ride and fight. By age 14 he could handle a lance and sword while on horseback. When they were 15 they became a squire. Each squires duty was to go into battle with his knight. He was expected to resuc the knight if he was wounded or fell off his horse.

If a squire proved to be a good fighter, he was rewarded by being made a knight. They also prepared for war by training for tournaments.

3) Explain the organization of feudal Manors. 

Manors were found on fiefs and were owned by nobles.

4) What was the difference between Freeman and Serfs?

A freeman paid the noble for the right to farmland. Then serfs Serfs were and their descendants were a noble’s property.

5) What was a serf's life like?  Discuss the "bright" moments.

In Charlemagne’s time, the serfs worked long hours in the fields and performed many services for the nobles. Serfs spent three days of the week working the lord’s strips of land and the rest of the week caring for their own strips. However they had to give part of their own crops to the noble. They also paid him for the use of the villages mill, bread oven and wine press. A serfs life had some bright moments Sunday was a day of rest from work. At Christmas the lord paid for a great feast and entertainment. Holidays were celebrated with singing and dancing on the village green. When they could serfs took part in such sports as wrestling , archery and soccer. 

6) Why did people on a manor produce everything they needed?

Because of poor transportation and frequent fighting isolated manors from on another.

7) How could serfs obtain their freedom?

It was not easy one way was to escape to the towns. If a serf was not caught and remained in town for more than a year he or she was considered free. By the middle ages serfs were allowed to buy their freedom.

8) What changes had taken place in farming by the 1200s?

They used the three – field system of farming and started to use a heavy iron plow. The horse collar was incented allowing horses instead of slow-moving oxen to plow fields. All of this enabled the peasants to grow more food.

Chapter 24 sections 1-2 questions 2-4

 

2. Because Charles Martel the Frankish leader began giving his soldiers feifs as a reward for their service and loyalty. 

3. Because the rulers after Charlemagne were so weak they couldn’t even rule thei own kingdoms well. And over time they ignored their responsibilities. Before long they began to depend on the nobles for food, horses, and soldiers.

4. They had to help the king in battle, had to make payments to their lord, if the lord was captured in battle his vassals either became prisoners in his place  or paid his ransom. Another duty was to attend the lord’s court, also were expected to provide food and entertainment when their lord visited them.