Chapter 18 section 3 questions

1)   When did Pepin die?  Who were his sons?

 

   In 768. Carloman and Charles

 

  2)   Who was Charlemagne?  What did he do?  List the people he defeated in battle.  What does his name mean?

 

   He was a powerful leader. He got all of the western Europe together under his rule also got all the Germanic people to become Christian. The Lombards, Saxons, Muslims. Charles the Great

 

  3)   What was The Song of Roland about?

 

   It was a poem about the battle between the Basques and Charlemagne.

 

  4)   Why was Charlemagne displeased that the Pope crowned him emperor?

 

   Because it made it seem as if the emperor's right to rule came from the Pope rather than directly from God.

 

  5)   What was Charlemagne’s view of education?  What did he do to promote education in his empire?

 

   He thought it was important to have education. He encouraged churches and monasteries to fund schools./

 

  6)   Who was Alcuin?  What did children study in the school set up by Alcuin?

 

   He was a scholar. It trained the children of government officials to serve in the church or in royal household.

 

  7)   What were some things that artists created under Charlemagne’s rule? 

 

   They made book covers and ornamental weapons, and they decorated and manuscripts copied by scholars. They also covered church walls with pictures showing stories from the Bible

 

  8)   Describe estate life.

 

   Each estate took care of its own needs. There were shoemakers, carpenters, and blacksmiths on each estate. There were artisans who made weapons, cooking vessels, and few jewelry. Lords lived in stone farmhouse. wooden stockades. Each farmhouse had a banquet hall sleeping quarters cellars stables, storage places, and small chapel.

   Farmers lived in simple wooden houses in small villages on the estates. They worked in the fields, vineyards, orchards, and forests around their villages. The fields were owned by lords. but the farmers worked them three days a week. The rest of the time they worked small pieces of land the lords had given them. They also divided the land into three sections.

 

  9)   How did farmers gradually become serfs?

 

   Because they were gradually doing more for the nobles and less for themselves. 

 

  10)  How did minstrels increase Charlemagne’s popularity?

 

   The Minstrels journeyed from place to place singing the praises of Charlemagne and his empire.

 

  11)  What did the Empire collapse after Charlemagne’s death?

 

   The empire needed a string and able ruler. Charlemange's heirs were neither many counts and lords became increasingly independent. They cared more about their own estates then about the good of the empire. They refused to obey Louis the Pious Charlemagnes's son.

 

  12)  What might have prevented the collapse of Charlemagne’s government?

 

  If Louis the Pious  had not weekend the empire when he divided it among his three sons. Then After their father's death they began to fight among themselves over their shares.

Chapter 18 section 2 questions

   1)   Why were the Frankish kings after Clovis weak?

  

   Because instead of keeping the kingdom united they divided it among their sons. their sons often fought over their share of land. They spent so much time and energy fighting they lost much of their power to local nobles. 

 

   2)   Who was Charles Martel?  What did he do?  Why was he known as “The Hammer”?

   

   The most powerful Mayor was Charles Martel he also wanted to reunite all the Frankish nobles under his rule. He was know and The Hammer because of his strength in battle.

 

   3)   Why was the Battle of Tours a turning point in history?

    

   Because the Franks' victory at the Battle of the Tours enable Christianity to survive in western Europe.

 

   4)   What might western Europe have been like if the Arabs and Berbers had won the Battle of Tours? 

    

   If they won they would have spread their religion of Islam every where.

 

   5)   Who was Pepin?  How did he help the Pope?

    

   He is the son of Charles Martel he became Mayor of the Palace.

 

   6)   Define anointed.  

 

   Blessed with holy oil, by the Pope 

 

chapter 17 understanding main ideas

1.     They moved south to Rome after being attacked by the Huns looking for protection.

2.     Because Rome made them surrender there weapons and promise to be loyal to Rome.

3.     Some gave their chieftains credit for the brave deeds they themselves did. Then in battle they fought for there chieftains.

4.     That there in the hall of Wodan called Valhalla the warriors would feast and fight forever.

5.     They believed it came from the people. German rulers could nopt change a law unless the people approved.

6.     It was to see if the person was guilty or not.

7.       For protection from the Huns.

8.     It was ruled under his name for 15 years then was killed. After that in 550 Roman Empire faded away into six major and a great many minor Germanic kingdoms

Chapter 18 8 things that i thought were most important

1.     The Franks lived Along the Rhine River in what is now Germany.

2.     They were more sucsesful in governing than other Germans. One reason for this was that the area in which they loved was close to their home land and they felt pretty secure.

3.     They weren’t all about fighting and ruling unlike the Goths and the Vandals the Franks became farmers.

4.     In 418 one of the Frankish group chose a man named Clovis as king. He was cruel and greedy he was also a good general and an able king. He eventually brought all the Franks under one rule. Part of Clovis’s kingdom later became France, which took its name from the Franks.

5.     Clovis was the first Germanic king to accept the Catholic religion. But then converted to Christianity.

6.     When they became Christian they gain the support of the Romans in his kingdom. After that they began to speech a form of Latin that later became modern French language.

7.     The Pope and other church officials gave Clovis their support and in return Clovis was expected to protect the church form any non-believers.

8.       Clovis extended his rule over what is now France and Western Germany and set up his capital in Paris. He wore purple robes similar to those of Roman emperors and made Latin the official language of the court.

Chapter 17 section 2 questions

1) Who were the Goths?
 
 They were Germanic people lived in the Balkan Peninsula of Europe

2) Discuss the Battle of Adrianople?  Why was it important?  When did it happen?
 
The West Goths rebelled against the Romans and defeated them at the Battle of Adrianople in 378.

3) Where did the Goths end up?
 
 Spain

4) Who were the Vandals?
 
 Another Germanic group 

5) What English world did the Vandals inspire?  Why?
 
 The Vandals became pirates and attacked cities along the Mediteranean coast. From these attacks came the English word "vandalism," which means the willful destruction of property.

6) Who was Odoacer?
 
 In 476, a German general named Odoacer. He didn't appoint an emperor. Instead he ruled the western empire in his own name for almost 15 years. 

7) Who was Theodoric?
 
 A group of Goths invaded Italy, killed Odoacer and set up a kingdom under their leader Theodoric

8) What happened to the Roman Empire in the West by 550 C.E.?

It faded away

Chapter 17 questions

1) Describe the village life of the early Germans.
 
 The villages were surrounded by farmlands and pastures. Most homes were long thatched-roofs huts with open spaces around them. The familily lived in one end of the hut and divided the other end into animal stalls. Animals helped keep huts warm during winter wooden tables and benches placed along the walls of the hut were the only futniture. few wealthier villagers added wall hanging or carpets. German villigers made their living herding cattle, which provided food and clothing. They traded cattle to Roman glass vessels, table articles, and jewelery. Most farm work was done by the woman, children, and slaves. if the woman weren't working in the field, cooking, they spum wool and wove cloth on upright looms.  

2) What did the Germans grow?
 
 They grew barley, rye, wheat, bean, and peas.

3) What were the Germans view of hospitality?
 
 They believed in hospitality. It was against the law to turn away anyone who came to the door. Guests, strangers were welcome, fed and entertained.

4) How were the German tribes organized?
 
 The men were worriers and they spent most of there time hunting, fighting, and making weapons.  They were divided into clans based on family ties. The first Germans gave their greatest.

5) Who was Theodoric the Great?
 
 He was king of the East Goths, a Germanic people from eastern Europe. He declared him self king of Italy

6) Who was Woden?  Thor?
 
Woden is the god of war. His son is Thor and he is the god of thunder.

7) What was Valhalla? 

 Valhalla was a hall where warriors feasted and fought forever. 

8) Discuss blood fueds, oath-helpers and wergeld.

Blood fueds are quarrels in which the families of the original fighters seek revenge. Blood feuds could go on for generations. To keep this from happening, the Germans set up courts. Judges listened to each side and tried to find a settlement that would bring peace to the village.
Oath-helpers These people who swore that accused was telling the truth.
Wergled are fines called. the exact amount of payment varied

9) How did the Germans' love of battle and laws influence their society?
Their love of battle was linked closely to their religion because they had gods that loved to fight and hunt. This influenced their society to believe similarly to the Spartans, that you either win your battle or die trying. Their laws were based on the customs of ancestors and were not written down. Instead, they were memorized and passed down from generation to generation.

Rome and Etrucan study questions

1) The Etruscans - why were they important? Italy's first highly civilized people.
What did they give to the Romans?  The Etruscans were more culturally advanced then the Latins and the Romans had a Etruscan ruler they contributed in the area of architecture. Also Rome borrowed some Etruscans customs like gladiatorial games and municipal. 
Who were important Etruscans? Lucius Tarquinius, nobles, and Soothsayers 

2) The Roman Republic - what is important about the Roman Republic?  They had a very affective government.
Who were important figures in the Republic and what did they do? Consuls- they were the head of the roman empire. and they argued with each other on laws and other things.
What were the Punic Wars all about?  it started because the Romans felt threatened by the Carthaginians, and they wanted Sicily's granaries.
Who was Hannibal? was a general that led the Carthaginians and attacked the Romans.
How did the Republic end? A triumvirate was passed and three people ruled the land. then it broke and they fought each other.

3) What is important about Julius Caesar?  Governor of roman Provence. he built a strong and loyal army, he conquered northern France.
Why should we remember him? He got stabbed 60 times and he adopted the Roman calender.

4) What is important about Augustus Caesar?  he brought peace to Rome called the Pax Romana.
Why should we remember him?He brought peace.

5) What was the Pax Romana?  Peace that Augustus brought to Rome.
How did it come to an end?- laws were standerdized.

6) How did the Roman Empire come to an end? Germanic cheif Alaric took over.